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Why Africa is in trouble

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In the past week, travels, meetings, findings, understandings, decisions, special moments, settled scores, new beginnings. I met a white man called Mohlomi, got a copy of a book first published exactly 105 years ago, got an address to a house I have been looking for and in the process, came to understand the fact that one cannot always get it all in one sitting or try.
What happens in the world of the living is shared by all in different ways, and those that try and shy away from the acceptance of the glaring fact that we are all in some way intertwined with each other at levels extreme and subtle can rightly be termed as naïve or prone to self-denial. Reality is what it is: real in all forms, that is, it is that which is there whether one can sense it with the pentagonal combination of senses most (for some lack either one or more of the five senses) human beings are born with, or, with the sixth sense (the instinctive), or the seventh sense (the metaphysical).

That there is a pole at the corner of the yard or a pole at either of the two axes of the globe is a fact which we cannot deny, for it is a presence which can be determined either at the mundane level of using the five senses which we possess to establish the verity of its presence, or at the more complex level where scientific (and sometimes metaphysical) instruments are used to determine the presence of such an entity.

What you can see, taste, feel, smell, and hear is there ignorant of any form of denial one may have or decide to follow. The presence of an entity is not a fickle affair that can just be wished away based on reason or on a whim, for there is clear evidence of its current, previous, or future presence outlined on any of the surfaces and spaces it may have passed through on its excursions.
It does not often require the depth of forensic or current science to determine whether an entity is indeed real, it often just needs common (and uncommon) sense, and a bit of sight, smell, taste, sound, touch and a bit of the primal instinct to know that an entity is indeed existent in acceptable form.

I choose the term ‘acceptable’ due to the fact that there sometimes arises the common human tendency to deny the existence of an entity based on wish and opinion (of the self-righteous kind) rather than waking up to the simple fact that an entity’s presence is the mark of its reality, a confirmation of its identifiable presence which cannot be denied just because it is not accepted as normal or natural.

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There are instances where ostriches (of the human kind with dubious intentions) choose to bury their heads in the sand even where there is no desert or Karoo storm that necessitates such an action. The continent upon which we live does not progress because of the fact that it has not acknowledged its realities.
Africa struggles in the mires of poverty and listlessness because it is cursed with the type of cap-in-hand leadership mentality that focuses more on foreign aid and investment despite the ‘real’ possession of tremendous reserves of natural and human resources.

Rather than progress, Africa begs unceasingly, to the extent that its donors end up ‘nursing’ Africa for a profit, and those that speak against this form of behaviour are either terminated or ostracised for addressing the truth about the realities that can emancipate the continent out of its unreasonable squalor.
It is unreasonable for one to declare their thirst when they are standing knee-deep in the middle of a full river, and it is unreasonable that Africa is as poor as it is despite having tremendous amounts of natural and human reserves that just have to be utilised appropriately in relevant scenarios.

That one chooses to argue that their agricultural output is negatively affected by the presence of El Nĩnō and such other droughts is a lazy man’s excuse.
The reality is that the nations of the dry Sahel regions of the Sahara have been utilising techniques and technologies for more than a millennium that ensured that the farmers did bring in sufficient harvest despite tilling soils in desert or semi-desert environments.

The African minister would rather borrow poorly implemented and irrelevant agricultural technologies from lands whose environments are dissimilar to his land’s, instead of utilising the tried and tested technologies of his neighbouring countries.

This behaviour is actually the expression of the first reality of the continent: a colonised mentality hinged on the aid of former colonists and neo-colonists than the self-sufficiency stalwarts of African progress such as Thomas Sankara, Patrice Lumumba, and Colonel Muammar Gadaffi taught in their lifetimes as leaders of states that actually proved that confidence and self-trust in one’s capabilities and resources actually works to one’s advantage when it comes to the issue of effecting change and progress.

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The three were murdered for their emancipating views and deeds by pro-colonial political governments and their leadership who believe more in their behinds being wiped than actually enduring that hardship of emancipation.
Conned by the simple term ‘independence’, many an African states were led into believing that their former colonial masters would give such states enough room for self-determination rather than being dictated to on how one state actually achieves its true freedom, as expressed in self-determination in deeds and decisions.

One is not free if they have to be guided on how to do the menial, and one is not free if their so-called freedom does not actually afford one a certain modicum of autonomy. Freedom means that one is afforded the room to test their own views and strategies when it comes to the execution of tasks necessary to the effecting of the process of progress.
This means that the I-will-constantly-be-looking-over-your-shoulder attitude of the former coloniser disguised as supervision actually means that the independent do not have the requisite level of freedom to reach such a level of autonomy where one can see that they can actually achieve dreams necessary for the welfare of their country state.

Last week, Zambian immigration authorities denied Professor Patrick Lumumba entry into the country upon his arrival at the national airport. The reasons for this denial remain vague, but one can simply guess that his anti-colonial/ anti-neo-colonial views are not accepted by the authorities whose main goal is to fleece ‘aid’ funds off the donor nations of the east who, on the surface may seem to be providing aid when there are extenuating factors that prove a reality that is contrary to the promises made in the flowery speeches of their leaders.

Lumumba, like some of us are aware, is privy to the reality that Africa can never have any hopes of progress if it does not rid itself of the beggar mentality it adopted in the post-independence period. This figure does not mince his words as the political class would wish for him to do when it comes to getting his learned views across.
If Africa had to deal with the west in the past, and partially managed to get independence, then Africa should instead of relying on aid from new colonial lords adopt the kind of mentality that focuses inwards on what the continent really has in terms of mapping the way forward to economic progress and development.

Denying those that see the truth about the continent’s condition the platform to provide vital insights into how the continent can finally attain full independence is just in my view myopic and blasé on the part of the political class who think heading to conferences in foreign lands can actually effect needed economic changes that ensure the welfare of the citizens of every African state.
It is a fact that every form of aid comes with preconditions on how such aid should be used and repaid. The belief that there is free help cannot be rightly considered true or of sense, and whoever so believes should look at the trends in the world at the microcosmic level: there are no Good Samaritans at the lowest rungs of the social strata; why should one carry the expectation that they are there at the higher levels of dealings between countries and states?

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The state as an entity is created for the welfare of the citizens through the efforts of the different governing bodies, but if the governing bodies are the only ones reaping the welfare whilst the masses of the citizenry suffer in squalor, then it means that the people and the government should go back to the drawing board and re-discuss issues to ensure that even state progress is attained.
There is just no sense in the simple fact that it has become a commonly accepted fact that the political class will say one thing in the lobbies and deliver nothing after ascension into office.
Professor Patrick Loch-Otieno Lumumba states:

I believe that we have reached a stage in life in the economic development of Africa where moving forward is perilous, moving backwards is cowardice, and standing still is suicidal but we must persevere because winners do not quit and quitters never win.
To reach a certain point in the life of anything, one should be able to acknowledge the facts about the entities that surround one, and the political entity in Africa has in fact been mismanaged from inception, with little serf-boys and girls actually behaving like they are the king of the palace when they are in fact there to serve the interests of the people and not those of their political party.

The African political landscape has always been victim to one malaise: competition born of the colonial assumption that one should always work hard to please the master. This is the type of competition where one party works really hard to outdo the previous regime ignorant of the financial and other realities that are salient to the process of running a truly democratic government.
Instead of looking at what is available in the state coffers, many a regime come to impress the masses for the present moment and forget that the long-term plans of the previous government actually form the basis to the present government’s plans.

Plans that actually served the masses end up being discarded due to the nincompoop assertion that the regime is different from the previous one when it is in fact a similar entity with the ruling class being the only component that is different.

The reality is that when there is a problem with anything, the source or the lead is the first one to be perused and questioned, for the simple reason that it provides the leeway into the inner ramifications of the entity being investigated. Africa’s progress is limited only to states such as Botswana and Rwanda, because the political class of the two states actually stuck to the economic development plans they set out in the strategies. Other countries fail because the spirit of competition for scarce resources soon overtakes that of really uplifting the state out of the mires of poverty, disease and strife most of the continent has to deal with before thinking of implementing any plan or strategy related to economic development. It is useless to think of achieving any goal without first adjusting the minds of the ruling class and then imparting such a mentality for economic upliftment to the masses.

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Morena Leabua Jonathan achieved a high level of economic development in his regime despite the outcry from the opposition; the people worked on their own social and economic upliftment projects, the people were healthy, the people were well fed in this political chief’s lifetime.
How the following regimes never actually adopted his models is what vexes one’s understanding, and it is a fact that explains why Lesotho is in the economic fix it is in: a state that has no say in terms of the type of aid the country receives from donor nations.

It was not like this in Chief Leabua’s time and now some of us know that a large part of the arguments raised actually come from quarters that have private interest than to serve the needs of the masses. The most paramount reality in Lesotho is that the political class has become a lordship made up of individuals that seem to gain their power from determining everything in the state, depriving the masses of the winning formula for success: self determination.

If the people know and see that the project in hand has their vested interest, then commitment comes automatically, because a sense of ownership comes with the knowledge and the evidence that whatever is being engaged stands to benefit everyone involved in it.

Being dictated to in terms of what to do actually never helped anyone to progress, in fact, such prohibitive laws have actually been proven to cause rebellion in whoever they are being imposed upon. The reality is that all men are equal, none is more equal than others.

By:Tšepiso S Mothibi

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Insight

Down in the Dump: Conclusion

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I closed last week by recording the dreadful news that trashy Trump had been elected called to mind WB Yeats’s poem “The Second Coming.” This is the poem whose opening lines gave Chinua Achebe the phrase “things fall apart.”

Yeats observes “Things fall apart, the centre cannot hold / Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.”

It was written in 1919 and controversially uses Christian imagery relating to the Apocalypse and the Second Coming to reflect on the atmosphere in Europe following the slaughter of the First World War and the devastating flu epidemic that followed this.

It also reflects on the Irish War of Independence against British rule.

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In lines that I can now read as if applying to the recent American election, Yeats mourns: “The best lack all conviction, while the worst / Are full of passionate intensity.”

And then I can visualise Trump in the poem’s closing lines: “What rough beast is this, its hour come round at last, / Slouching towards Bethlehem to be born?”

Trump is certainly a rough beast and isn’t the choice of verb, slouching, just perfect? For a non-allegorical account of the threat posed by the Dump, I can’t do better than to quote (as I often do) that fine South African political journalist, Will Shoki. In his words: “Trump’s administration simply won’t care about Palestinians, about the DRC, about the Sudanese.

It will be indifferent to the plight of the downtrodden and the oppressed, who will be portrayed as weak and pathetic. And it will give carte blanche [that is, free rein] to despotism and tyranny everywhere.

Not even social media, that once revered third-space we associated with subversion and revolution in the first quarter of the 21st century can save us because Silicon Valley is in Trump’s back pocket.”

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So what follows the triumph of the Dump? We can’t just sit down and moan and bemoan. In a more recent piece of hers than the one I quoted last week, Rebecca Solnit has observed: “Authoritarians like Trump love fear, defeatism, surrender. Do not give them what they want . . . We must lay up supplies of love, care, trust, community and resolve — so we may resist the storm.”

Katt Lissard tells me that on November 7th following the confirmation of the election result, in the daytime and well into the evening in Manhattan, New York, there was a large demonstration in support of the immigrants Trump despises.

And a recent piece by Natasha Lennard gives us courage in its title “The Answer to Trump’s Victory is Radical Action.”

So, my Basotho readers, how about the peaceful bearing of some placards in front of the US Embassy in Maseru? Because the Dump doesn’t like you guys and gals one little bit.

One last morsel. I had intended to end this piece with the above call to action, but can’t resist quoting the following comment from the New York Times of November 13th on Trump’s plans to appoint his ministers.

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I’m not sure a satirical gibe was intended (the clue is in the repeated use of the word “defence”), but it made me guffaw nonetheless. “Trump will nominate Pete Hegseth, a Fox News host with no government experience, as his defence secretary. Hegseth has often defended Trump on TV.” You see, it’s all about the Dump.

  • Chris Dunton is a former Professor of English and Dean of Humanities at the National University of Lesotho.

 

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A question of personal gain

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Recently, an audio recording featuring the distressed MP for Thaba-Bosiu Constituency, Joseph Malebaleba, circulated on social media. The MP appears to have spent a sleepless night, struggling with the situation in which he and his associates from the Revolution for Prosperity (RFP) party were denied a school feeding tender valued at M250 million per annum.

In 2022, Lesotho’s political landscape underwent a significant shift with the emergence of the RFP led by some of the country’s wealthiest individuals. Among them was Samuel Ntsokoane Matekane, arguably one of the richest people in Lesotho, who took the helm as the party’s leader and ultimately, the Prime Minister of Lesotho.

The RFP’s victory in the general election raised eyebrows, and their subsequent actions have sparked concerns about the motivations behind their involvement in politics.

In an interview with an American broadcasting network just after he won the elections, Matekane made a striking statement, proclaiming that he would run Lesotho exactly as he runs his business.

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At first glance, many thought he was joking, but as time has shown, his words were far from an idle threat. In the business world, the primary goal is to maximize profits, and it appears that the RFP is adopting a similar approach to governance.

Behind the scenes, alarming developments have been unfolding. A communication from an RFP WhatsApp group revealed a disturbing request from the Minister of Communications, Nthati Moorosi, who asked if anyone in the group had a construction business and could inbox her.

This raises questions about the RFP’s focus on using government resources to benefit their own business interests.

The government has been embroiled in a series of scandals that have raised serious concerns about the ethical conduct of its officials. Recent reports have revealed shocking incidents of misuse of public funds and conflicts of interest among key government figures.

Over the past two years, the RFP has been accused of awarding government contracts to companies affiliated with their members, further solidifying concerns about their self-serving agenda. For instance, vehicles purchased for the police were allegedly sourced from suppliers connected to a Minister’s son and MP.

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The MP for Peka, Mohopoli Monokoane, was found to have hijacked fertiliser intended to support impoverished farmers, diverting crucial resources away from those in need for personal gain.

Such actions not only betray the trust of the public but also have a direct impact on the livelihoods of vulnerable communities. Monokoane appeared before the courts of law this week.

While farmers voice their concerns regarding fertiliser shortages, it seems that Bishop Teboho Ramela of St. Paul African Apostolic Church, who is also a businessman, is allegedly involved in a corrupt deal concerning a M10 million fertilizer allocation, benefiting from connections with wealthy individuals in government.

The procurement of fertiliser appears to be mired in controversy; recall that the Minister of Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition, Thabo Mofosi, was also implicated in the M43 million tender.

The renovation of government buildings with elaborate lighting systems was contracted to a company owned by the son of an MP. The RFP’s enthusiasm for infrastructure development, specifically road construction and maintenance, is also tainted by self-interest, as they have companies capable of performing these tasks and supplying the necessary materials, such as asphalt.

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Minister Moteane finds himself in a compromising situation regarding a lucrative M100 million airport tender that was awarded to his former company. Ministers have even gone so far as to award themselves ownership of diamond mines.

Meanwhile, the nation struggles with national identification and passport shortages, which according to my analysis the RFP seems hesitant to address until they can find a way to partner with an international company that will benefit their own interests.

The people of Lesotho are left wondering if their leaders are truly committed to serving the nation or simply lining their own pockets. As the RFP’s grip on power tightens, the consequences for Lesotho’s democracy and economy hang precariously in the balance.

It is imperative that citizens remain vigilant and demand transparency and accountability from their leaders, lest the nation slide further into an era of self-serving governance.

In conclusion, the RFP’s dominance has raised serious concerns about the motives behind their involvement in politics. The apparent prioritisation of personal profit over public welfare has sparked widespread disillusionment and mistrust among the population.

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As Lesotho navigates this critical juncture, it is essential that its leaders are held accountable for their actions and that the nation’s best interests are placed above those of individuals.

Only through collective effort and a strong commitment to transparency and accountability can Lesotho ensure a brighter future for all its citizens.

Ramahooana Matlosa

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Down in the Dump: Part One

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Attentive readers will recall that some weeks ago, I scribbled a series of pieces on elections due to be held in the UK, France, South Africa, and the USA. These elections were unusually critical for the well-being of their countries and even that of the world.

The results of the last of these elections are now with us and we are faced with the devastating news that Donald Trump is heading back to the White House.

I can hardly think of worse news to swallow or to equip the world to survive the years ahead.

The Dump, as I call him, is one of the most odious, dangerous, untrustworthy individuals currently inhabiting planet Earth. To cite a few of his demerits: he is a convicted felon; he believes climate change is a hoax; he is a sexist and a racist (one of his former military advisers has gone so far as to describe him as a fascist).

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He is a snuggle buddy of the Russian dictator Vladimir Putin and will probably discontinue aid to Ukraine as it resists invasion by Russia. Western European allies such as France, Germany and the UK are dismayed at his victory, as he holds the principles of democracy and constitutionalism in contempt.

As for Africa, well, he once described it as a “shit country,” so don’t look forward to much support from him.

Readers who spent time at the NUL will remember my dear colleague Katt Lissard who is now back home in New York. She spent some years with us as a Professor specialising in Theatre studies and was the Artistic Director of our international Winter / Summer Institute for Theatre for Development.

Many activists in the USA like Katt, who don’t see themselves as part of the political mainstream, chose to campaign for the Democrats and Kamala Harris in the hope of keeping Trump and the far right out of power. Confronted with the news of Trump’s victory, she sent an email to friends noting this was “just a brief check-in from the incomprehensible USA.”

She then explained: “We’re in shock and the early days of processing, but white supremacy, misogyny and anti-immigrant bias are alive and well and driving the boat here.” So, how do Katt and millions of decent, like-minded Americans plan to weather the storm?

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Katt explained: “We were deeply depressed and deeply furious as it became clear that one of the worst human beings on the planet was going back to the White House, but we are still breathing and know that we will in the days ahead begin to formulate plans and strategies—and not just for heading north across the Canadian border.”

Picking up on that last point, it may well be that many decent Americans might just up and off across the border; Canada had better prepare for an avalanche of applications for residence permits.

And not just from Americans; in, for example, the American university system alone there are many many Africans employed in high positions (Professors and such-like), who must now face the fact they are living in a country whose leader despises them and who may opt to get out.

In her email written to her friends, once the news from hell had been confirmed, Katt quoted a piece by Rebecca Solnit, one of the most exciting writers at work in the USA today (readers may remember that I have previously reviewed two of her books for this newspaper, Whose Story is This? and Recollections of My Non-Existence).

Now Solnit is a feminist and at the heart of her work is a dissection of the way women have been marginalised in the USA (let’s remember that Kamala Harris, the Presidential candidate who lost to Trump, did so partly because so many American males could not bring themselves to vote for a woman.

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I am thinking of the kind of male who invaded the White House when it was announced Trump had lost the 2020 election, bare-chested and wearing cow-horn helmets on their numbskull heads).

Solnit has this to say on our response to the Trump victory: “They want you to feel powerless and to surrender and to let them trample everything and you are not going to let them.

You are not giving up and neither am I. The fact that we cannot save everything does not mean we cannot save anything and everything we can save is worth saving.

You may need to grieve or scream or take time off, but you have a role no matter what, and right now good friends and good principles are worth gathering in.

Remember what you love. Remember what loves you. Remember in this tide of hate what love is.” And then: “A lot of us are going to resist by building solidarity and sanctuary.”

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What is so morale-boosting about Solnit’s piece is not just her vision but also her command of language.
Her writing is so crisp and elegant. Language comes at us at its best, of course, in literature, and when I heard that the Dump was on the move back to the White House, I immediately recalled one of the most startling poems in the English language, “The Second Coming” by the Irish poet WB Yeats.

I’ll kick off with that next week.

To be concluded

Chris Dunton

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