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Abel Chapatarongo

MASERU – BY 2002, the Basotho National Party (BNP) which had dominated Lesotho’s national politics since independence in 1966 was in free-fall.

The party had been ousted from power in a bloodless coup in 1986 triggering a chain of events that left the BNP a shell of its former self.

Thousands of supporters deserted the party. The party was torn by bitter leadership squabbles.

The BNP had its back against the wall, metaphorically speaking.

While the BNP was in decline, the then ruling Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) led by Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili was on its ascendancy.

It was under those circumstances that Dr Lucia Nthabiseng Makoae felt the need to answer the party’s call to duty by “being part of the solution”.

“It was not nice when our government fell and after 2002, I realised that our party was going down. I felt I wanted to be part of the solution and I joined politics full-time,” she says.

She says she noticed a general apathy among their supporters who were now joining the new political parties.

Makoae says the biggest problem facing the BNP then was “the management of the party particularly in terms of resources”.

“I thought I could contribute as part of the solution,” she says.

Makoae was elected the BNP’s deputy treasurer in 2010. That decision set her on a collision course with her employers at the National University of Lesotho (NUL).

Having jumped into politics full-time, Dr Makoae says she had a tough time explaining her new-found “vocation” to her bosses and friends at the university.

Under the university’s rules, employees are not allowed to hold any executive positions in political parties.

Two years after her formal entry into politics, Makoae resigned from her teaching position at the NUL to become a Proportional Representation (PR) MP under the BNP after the 2012 general election.

She says some of her colleagues at the NUL did not understand her decision to quit describing it as “too risky” given the turbulence in Lesotho’s politics.

“They could not understand why I was joining politics,” she says.

“But I was really passionate about politics. To me I believe politics is about people’s lives more than thinking it’s a way to make money.”

After the 2012 general election, Makoae was appointed Deputy Minister of Health in the coalition government led by Prime Minister Thomas Thabane.

Having been thrown into the deep end, Makoae says she came face-to-face with the “ugly” side of Parliament while discharging her duties.

She says she was extremely disturbed and disappointed by the “noise” she saw in Parliament with very few cogent arguments and debates about critical issues that affect Basotho.

“I have watched the South African Parliament, yes it is rowdy but you see people looking at issues that affect the nation. The legislature carries out its oversight work,” she says.

“We are MPs in the opposition but we are still amazed at how Parliament works,” she says.

Makoae says with the benefit of hindsight the coalition government led by Thabane could have done things slightly differently to ensure it did not collapse.

She cites the issue of communication among coalition leaders.

“The coalition government was a new phenomenon and we were not used to it,” she says.

She says the allocation of ministries among the governing partners meant that they were always in a “campaign mode” as they fought to out-do each other every day in preparation for the next election.

That competitive streak among coalition partners led to the government’s downfall, she says.

“Every party tried to use its own ministries to build their own parties. That took priority over services we were supposed to render to the public and that did not make me very comfortable.”

Makoae says Basotho must learn how to manage coalitions “because coalition governments are here to stay”.

She says she does not see any single party garnering majority seats to form government on its own in the next election scheduled for 2020.

“We have to learn how they function,” she says.

Makoae says as an MP she can see that “things have gone really wrong for Lesotho” over the past two years “particularly after the new government took over in March 2015”.

Her biggest gripe with the current government is its failure to provide security for some of its citizens.

“They (new government) have failed to establish trust between themselves and the opposition. The government has failed to provide safety and security to opposition leaders forcing them to go into exile.”

She says the killing of former Lesotho army commander Maaparankoe Mahao was also a dark patch in the history of the country.

But how do we take Lesotho forward?

Makoae says those accused of serious human rights violations must be brought to book and face justice.

She argues implementing Justice Mphapi Phumaphi’s recommendations in full would be the first key step to national reconciliation.

“The government must abide by Phumaphi’s recommendations. That is all that Basotho want and nothing else,” she says.

Makoae also took a swipe at the Amnesty Bill 2016 claiming it is part of an intricate plan by the government to “promote impunity”.

“They will use the Bill not to promote Phumaphi’s recommendations. The BNP does not agree with a blanket amnesty,” she says.

But away from politics, Dr Makoae has had a colourful life in public service starting as a nurse at Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Maseru 40 years ago.

She says during those days, the career paths for young Basotho women were quite limited where one would either be a nurse, a policeman or a teacher with a few going to university.

“Those were the only disciplines available,” she says.

In 1977, Makoae left Lesotho for Port Elizabeth in South Africa to study midwifery. She later enrolled for a three-year Bachelor of Education in Nursing at the University of Botswana in 1980. She completed her degree in 1983.

After her studies in Botswana, Makoae came back home and lectured at the Queen Elizabeth II School of Nursing teaching midwifery.

She later enrolled for a one year Master’s in Public Health at the Hebrew University in Israel. After her studies in Israel, Makoae came back home and joined a research project on sanitation where her interest in research was stimulated and nurtured.

“I felt passionate to understand why people were behaving the way they were behaving. I later joined the Ministry of Health and conducted quite a number of studies for the ministry.”

When the first cases of HIV/AIDS burst onto the scene, Makoae, who was now working for the Ministry of Health, says they were in shock and did not know at first how to respond to the disease.

“There was no treatment. We were in shock but the World Health Organisation would always guide us. They sent consultants to do surveys to understand what was happening.”

She says during those early days Mapoteng’s Seventh Day Adventist Hospital was the only institution offering an HIV drug, AZT.

It was also during the same period that they carried out a comprehensive survey to find out the traditional strategies Basotho were using to cope with the AIDS pandemic.

They discovered that most Basotho were resorting to herbs and other traditional medicines to “fight the disease”.

Makoae, a holder of a PhD, taught at the NUL in the Faculty of Health Sciences since 2001. She says her thesis, which examined the issue of maternal and child care, was inspired after realizing that the majority of Basotho women “were not delivering their babies in health  institutions”.

They were delivering with the assistance of “traditional birth attendants” and they were dying, she says.

She says the majority of women did not have money to pay for services at clinics and hospitals while others stayed far from such institutions.

Makoae was born in 1953 in White Hill in Qacha’s Nek to a mother who was a domestic worker in South Africa.

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Lesotho’s own brandy

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ROMA-“Go, eat your food with rejoicing, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart, for already the true God has found pleasure in your works,” so says the Big Book.


Driven by that divine, Mohapi Pule has gone a step further – by coming up with a new type of brandy – to make you merry.
The brandy, Mountain Spels Brandy, will make the heart of the dying man rejoice.
“The healthy nutrients in fruits that make brandy, end up in you when you drink it,” he said.


Pule studied nutrition at the National University of Lesotho.
His brandy is made by fermenting fruits into wine. The wine is then distilled into a brandy. It carries the flavour and the aroma of the original fruits.


The story began when Pule was born in Quthing, Mphaki. He was born to a hardworking mother who brew traditional beer like no other.
“She brew beer well before I was born. She is still making it to this day,” he said.


His passion for brewing was probably “born” even before he was born. Mothers have a hidden way of passing not just their looks but their passions to their children.


As he grew up, he found that he was still intertwined with his mom’s brewing business in one way or another.
“Mostly, I am expected to fetch water for the brewing process. That, I still do to this day when I visit home,” he says.
Two decades later, Pule found himself in the Roma Valley, doing BSc in Nutrition.


“At some point, I found that I had lost purpose in life. There was not a thing that I could say, well, I was passionate about this thing or that thing.”
That situation, of course, threw him into some serious soul-searching.
It brought him back to his roots.


“During this period, I recalled that when I was younger, I used to imagine helping my mom do the packaging of the beer she was making and helping distribute it countrywide,” he said.

From a young age, the issue of subsistence business didn’t appeal to him. But that imagination came and passed. Now here he was, worried that he might not amount to anything in life.


Then, boom! An idea came!
What if he produced an alcoholic drink?

He could have thought about anything to do as a business but, lo and behold! He thought about his mother’s passion!


One of the things he loves about alcoholic beverages is that they are popular.

“I haven’t seen products as popular as alcoholic drinks,” he said.
He might be wrong or right but the reality is, the rest of the world has for generations found delight in alcoholic beverages – some to the extent of overdoing it to their injury!


“Mabele khunoana ralitlhaku thabisa lihoho. Mabele u tsoa kae e le khale re u batla re sa u thole? Ueeeena mabeeeele!” (Loosely translated beer brewed from sorghum make men happy. We’ve been looking for you from afar, you sorghum. In short, this is a praise poem for the Sesotho sorghum brew).
But then came the most difficult part. Which specific beverages should he focus on and how would he do it?


He decided that he would focus on ciders. He realised that not many people in Lesotho were making ciders.


He started experimenting at home and realized how difficult the process was. He just couldn’t get it right. To worsen matters, he also did not have the right equipment.

But like most successful innovators, he just knew that he had to start his business right away.


Pule says he then learnt about other forms of beverages: the spirits. Spirits are very high in alcohol content. Here we are talking the likes of whiskey, vodka and brandy.


He was particularly interested in vodka. He went into one NUL laboratory and, with necessary permission, began testing a number of spirits and doing a lot of research about them.


He began saving some of the money he earned from the National Manpower Development Secretariat in the form of student allowance so he could buy equipment. Saving was not easy. The subsistence money was already not that much. Having to share it with a business was asking a little too much.


But Pule was so determined that he did it, bought equipment that allowed him to develop what he thought was “vodka”.


However, after buying the equipment he immediately realised that the equipment was to make brandy not vodka.


“Now I was forced to get into brandy by chance,” he said.
It was a mistake that he has never regretted having realised that there are very few individuals who were making brandy in Lesotho.


Pule had to throw himself fully into experiments. He read books about brandy production. He even enrolled for an online course on distillation.
In the end, he began to see some light.

“I began to feel some difference in the taste of my produce,” he said. “When I shared my produce with my lecturers, they were over the moon!”
With that encouragement, Pule began packaging his brandy and is now selling it to family and friends.


“My small equipment means that I can’t produce much. However, If I were to get bigger equipment, things would be much better.”

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Ready-to-cook vegetables

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ROMA – ’MATUMANE Matela, a National University of Lesotho (NUL)-trained nutritionist, is an example of how a nutritionist should think and act.
Matela makes and sells ready-to-cook vegetables out of produce from her own farm or produce she preferably buys from local farms.
“When I make a dish, as a nutritionist, I make choices that ensure a typical package is packed with nutrition,” Matela said.

Today, we examine an interesting story of the lady who is determined to ensure that you eat healthy despite your busy schedule.
It started with her experiences in life.
She describes herself as an extremely busy woman.
She likes getting things done.
As the busy amongst us will say, the busier you become, the less you watch your diet.
She couldn’t escape the trap!

“My busy schedule meant that I ended up eating junk and I was gaining weight,” she said.
With time, she came to her senses.
As a nutritionist, she recalled that the best way to preach was to preach by example.
So, was she preaching what she practised?
Clearly, she wasn’t.
She had to find an option to maintain the busy schedule and eat healthy at the same time.

The beautiful thing about nutrition is that the healthiest foods are the closest to us: fruits and vegetables.
Some scientists even claim that our bodies seem to be designed to thrive on fruits and vegetables.
“Have you ever wondered why looking at a ripe raw peach on a tree is mouth-watering but looking at a fat cow isn’t?” asked one scientist.
Well, whether we were designed for fruits and vegetables or not, the truth is that they are good for our bodies.
That’s what good science tells us.

And we somehow “know it” too if you have heard about anything called intuition.
So one day she found herself increasingly eating fruits and vegetables.
It’s easier to change a religion than a diet, they say.
So it is commendable that she changed her diet at all.
“The idea was to chop as much vegetables as possible and put them in a fridge so that in future, I will just pull them out and cook.”
She wasn’t proposing something new.
Who amongst us doesn’t enjoy the convenience of just pulling up chopped frozen vegetables and cooking?

Little did she know that what she was doing was putting her on a path to a brilliant business.
It took a post on a social media to achieve just that.
“I took a pic of the chopped and packaged vegetables and posted them on my social media account. The reaction was swift. I began getting questions like, “how much?””
It immediately dawned on her that she could be sitting on a great business idea, after all.

So she gave it a try and started selling.
To her surprise, people started buying.
In fact, “I get orders for my products almost on a daily basis.”
That is how interested people really are.
This to an extent that her business now gets up to four irregular employees, she included, when the demand is high.
She said her training in Agriculture, Home Economics and Nutrition has helped her to give a thought into what she was doing.

For instance, where possible, she grows her own crops and sells them as first preference.
She has grown spinach, butternut, green pepper, onion, herbs and beans.
She is also in the process of renting more fields to grow more vegetables.
Then she empowers Basotho producers by requesting them to supply.
Going for foreign produce is the last resort.
Look at her packages and you realise something.
The “7 colours” proverb comes alive.

Those seven colours (several colours actually) may have been designed to appeal to your eyes but that is just the tip of the iceberg.
The colours of vegetables mean a lot in terms of nutrition.
Each colour gives you something different.
So, the more colours in one meal, the merrier.
To drive this home, let’s go a scientific route for a second.
Red, Blue and Purple: These vegetables contain substances that are good at reducing the risk of stroke, cancer and memory problems.
White: The likes of onion or garlic may help lower your risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cancer and heart disease.

Orange and Yellow: Carrots immediately come to mind.
These vegetables contain substances called carotenoids which may help improve your immune system and help to improve the health of your eyes.
Basotho, it would appear, have long known a thing or two about the relationship between carrots and eyes.
Hence the famous saying, “o jele lihoete” (they ate carrots), often applied to good sportsmen or women with symbolically “good eyesight”.

Green: Green is life. Green vegetables come packed with chlorophyll, a chemical that scientists believe can boost your immune system, eliminate fungus in your body, clean your blood, lead to healthy intestines and give you boundless energy.
As a bonus, her Home Economics background is such that she is armed with a host of recipes for each of the packages she sells.
She has great dreams for the future.
“I want to see my products decorating the shelves of big supermarkets,” she said.
It’s time!

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A new, co-operative chain store

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ROMA – ’MAKUENA Lesiea is spearheading the creation of a cooperative chain store that will sell Lesotho products only.
The store is being developed under the National University of Lesotho (NUL) Innovation Hub and it will be incubated by the Hub.
“Have you seen it? Basotho are producing like never before,” Lesiea said.
“However, their products are hard to see in the markets. We want to change all that.”

The store, she said, will open branches in all districts of Lesotho, starting from Maseru.
Visit any supermarket in Lesotho and check the products on the shelves.
You will be shocked to realise that, in general, just one percent of them are made in Lesotho.
The other 99 percent comes from elsewhere.
Is it because Basotho are not producing or can’t produce at all?
Nope!

“Having worked directly with the NUL Innovation Hub and the Tsa Mahlale TV programme under the Hub, I have travelled the depth and breadth of Lesotho and I was amazed at the amount of work Basotho are doing,” she said.
What is the problem?
Basotho products are not given sufficient platforms to prove themselves.
“Credit where it is due, some shops are beginning to accept and sell Basotho products,” she said.

“However, they are barely making a dent because Basotho products, being at their infancy, cannot receive full attention unless by a store that is designed to give them full attention.”
Such a store doesn’t exist.

She said the idea is not to compete with any of the existing stores because “we are getting into a new territory altogether, we are addressing a different market”.
So listen to Lesiea as she presents some features of the store that will surely persuade you to join the bandwagon:

  1. Customer and producer confidence: The store, she said, will achieve two things.
    First, when they see masses of Lesotho-made products in one place, Basotho customers will slowly grow confidence in them.
    The confidence will shoot to the roof when the customers experience that many of the products made in Lesotho are already way ahead of foreign competitors in terms of quality.
    Secondly, the store will give Basotho producers an assurance that their products have, at least, one store that is willing to take them, dark or blue.
    More production will come from such assurance.
  2. Selling “everything”: The store will sell everything from fruits and vegetables to processed foodstuffs to clothing and building materials (if Thabure car will be in production by then, it will be on the shelves too).
    “Suppose what we want to sell is not locally made, we will never cross the border, any border, to find its equivalence. We will encourage Basotho to produce it until they do.”
  3. We mean business: whereas Basotho are beginning to produce, their products are still all over the place.
    You bump across them in some few willing stores, in expos and trade shows, or as being sold by individual resellers. Those are good efforts, but they are not enough. In fact, many in Lesotho have come to see producing and selling as being more of an art, a hobby, a therapy or a hustling than a business, “so we are seriously moving away from such a casual approach, we mean business this time around.”
  4. Ownership: So when you enter this store, you could be purchasing a product made by you in a store owned by you. What a difference!
  5. Reasonable standards: the store will only demand reasonable standards. As a struggling Mosotho, try taking your products to some of the local shops and you are, at worst, turned away without reason or, at best, given a long list of standards you must meet before they can take your product.
    “In our case, as long as your products are reasonably of good quality, you are in. NUL Innovation Hub is already testing many Basotho products. We won’t ignore quality, but we won’t use it as a way to prevent Basotho products from growing either.”
  6. A cooperative chainstore: From contributing as little as M50 per month, members will use a continuous financing model to ensure that the store doesn’t just end in Maseru but reaches the ten districts of Lesotho.
    Each branch will start at a medium scale in order to grow along with Basotho products. We won’t ask for investors to come from anywhere, “we will be investors ourselves.”
  7. An export launch pad. “We are often told to export our produce. The obvious question is, if you haven’t convinced your own people to consume your own products, how can you convince people in other lands to do so? Why should they take you seriously?”
    However, the store is not meant to be a local store forever.
    It will be a means by which we export our products to other countries in the future.
    When we export the store to Soweto, we export it along with products from Lesotho.
    Don’t say no because we have seen Chinese shops and Indian shops and, of course, South African shops, filled to the brim with Chinese products and Indian products and South African products in many countries.
    “If they can do it,” Lesiea ended, “so can we.”
    “Because if it is there in some of us, it is there in all of us.”

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