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Thirsty villagers’ tough struggle

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MOHALE’S HOEK – TWO teenage girls sit on empty 25-litre buckets.
There are about 10 buckets waiting to be filled with water at the only spring tap in Ha-Senkatana, a rural village some 10 kilometres northeast of the sleepy town of Mohale’s Hoek.
The girls, aged between 10 and 14 years, say the area around the tap has become their playground while they wait for hours to fill up their buckets for the day.
The two teenage girls were number seven and eight on the queue when they arrived at the tap at 7 am.
Now its midday but they have only moved four places.
It’s an excruciating wait they have learned to stoically endure over the years.
They play games and exchange gossip while water slowly trickles into a bucket.
It takes at least an hour to fill one bucket.

On school days they leave their buckets at the tap in the morning, go to school and come back after classes to continue the agonizing wait.
“We get home as late as 11pm sometimes,” says one of the elder girls.
Almost all the girls here look like they have gone for days without a bath.
With schools closed for the winter holiday, waiting in this queue the whole day for one bucket of water has become their vocation.
The boys hoofing a plastic paper ball near the tap are brothers to most of the girls here.
Most are here to walk their sisters back home when dusk arrives.
Nightfall will find many of the girls here still waiting for their turn to fill their buckets so it’s necessary for the boys to stick around.
There are stories, here and elsewhere in the country, of young girls who are abducted and forced into early marriages on their way from wells at night.
Some have been raped while others have been murdered.

“We are not afraid because our brothers come to fetch us when it becomes dark,” says one of the girls.
Traditionally, it is the role of women to fetch water.
The Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Report of 2019 tells a similar story of how women carry the burden of bringing water into the house.
‘One bucket per person per round’ is the rule at this lone tap in Ha-Senkatana.
And you fill up the bucket that is next in line even if the owner is away.
Deep in the village Tšoarelo Lekhafola’s daughter is washing her school uniform.
She has just arrived from winter classes at a local school and has to do laundry before joining the queue at the tap.
“We do laundry after a long time because water is scarce,” the mother says.
“Sometimes to save the little water we have we do laundry with the water that we have used to bath.”

“It is better to join the queue, run other errands and them come back when you think your bucket is near the tap,” says village chief ’Maseabata Malebanye.
“We have the elderly people who live on their own and still have to come to the well late at night to get their water.”
This should not be happening in Lesotho, a country seemingly awash with water. Research shows that Lesotho is one of Southern Africa’s principal water catchment areas.
Rainfall and snowfall provides 5.5 billion of cubic metres of water annually.
An additional 340 million cubic metres is in the form of renewable underground water.

Every year Lesotho sells 780 million cubic metres of water to South Africa, mainly the Gauteng province, under the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
It is Lesotho’s water that makes Gauteng’s industries chime.
Gauteng, the richest province in Africa, runs on Lesotho’s water.
Sandton, the richest square mile in Africa, gets its water from Lesotho.
Since 1998, when the taps to South Africa were opened after the completion of Katse and Mohale dams, Lesotho has received more than M9 billion in royalties for its water.
The two governments will soon build Polihali Dam in Lesotho under the second phase of the project that will provide an additional 490 million cubic metres of water to South Africa.

Soon Lesotho will be pumping more than a billion cubic metres of water to South Africa every year.
Yet in places like Ha-Senkatana the people scrounge for water.
It’s not that Lesotho is selling water that should be used by its people.
The truth is that Lesotho has more water than it needs.
Therefore exporting it makes economic sense, especially for a country with a few natural resources to sell.
The issue, rather, is that the Lesotho government is failing to harness the water and channel it to its people.
The solution in most cases lies in boreholes and pipes from main water sources. In some places a water tank could drastically improve the situation.
But it takes years, if not decades, for some villages to get these from government.

Government officials normally tell villagers there is no money.
When the money is there it takes long to get it released.
When it’s eventually released bureaucracy jams the progress.
The people of Ha-Senkatana are familiar with the red tape in government when it comes to service delivery.
Ask Paki Makutoane, the councilor of Ha-Senkatana, who has been knocking on government doors for years.

Recently the he got some “encouraging news” from Rural Water Supply, a government department that builds water supply infrastructure in the villages.
“We were told pipes and all equipment had been bought but the problem was money from the headquarters delaying to be transferred to the district office,” Makutoane says.
The Rural Water Supply is largely efficient but it runs on a shoestring that makes it insanely difficult to deliver on its mandate.
Because it doesn’t generate its own money the department relies on the little it gets from a government that is already battling to solve too many problems with a small kitty.
Makutoane blames the lack of progress on the perennial changes in government.
“Every time we think we are winning the government changes and we start all over again,” Makutoane says.
“The people governing our countries are not interested in our demands but only in enriching their lives,” he says.

In Ha-Senkatana there people who sell water from private boreholes but the price is too steep for villagers, most of whom live in abject poverty.
For those with boreholes selling water is a lucrative business.
Villagers pay as much as M8 for 20 litres.
For a fee of M80 a villager gets water for a month but is limited to four twenty-litre buckets per day.
A year ago villagers were paying M50 for a month’s supply.
Makutoane says the increase is due to the drought and demand.

In towns, where water is provided by the Water and Sewerage Company (WASCO), it costs M5.38 per 1 000 litres.
“It has divided my people because only those that can afford to buy water have the privilege of not staying all night waiting for the well to fill up,” Chief Malebanye says.
’Malipuo Senekane, 71, was born, raised and married in Ha-Senkatana.
Senekane says there used to be three springs in the village and a small dam.
Two springs and the dam have since dried up.
“Water was not a problem at all. Back then we were rich in water supply. The fields were ploughed on time, harvest was beautiful and we didn’t have so many people migrating from Lesotho to South Africa to get jobs to feed their children,” Senekane says.

Senekane now lives with her grandchildren because one of her daughters is in South Africa working.
She no longer goes to the well because she broke her leg while trying to walk down a small cliff that leads to the well.
“My leg does not allow me to walk down (to the well) anymore and so my daughter sends me money every month to pay for my monthly water and food,” she says.
She uses a wheelbarrow to collect her water.
Mohale’s Hoek is one of the districts hit hard by the drought.
In February the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation, Léo Heller, visited Lesotho.
His assessment of the water situation in the country was sobering.
“Several gaps in access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene strongly impact the well-being and livelihoods of the Basotho people,” Heller said in a statement at the end of her visit.
“Water and sanitation are a bottleneck that holds them back from improving their lives, making choices on their way of living and expanding their freedom,” Heller said.

Heller said in Lesotho, water sanitation and hygiene are a driver and multiplier of vulnerability, leading to a negative impact on human development.
“Instead of going to school, interacting with peers, taking time to study or learn skills that eventually shape the basis of livelihood, many Basotho, particularly girls and women, spend their time walking and queuing to fetch water”.
Indeed the girls by the well Ha-Senkatana say they don’t have time to study because they get home very late.
Sephapho Mokoroane, Mohale’s Hoek district engineer at the Rural Water Supply, said Ha-Senkatana is among a list of villages that will have “high capacity boreholes drilled in this financial year, however, they still need to identify water saturated areas within the village”.
“It is quite a big village with at least 1 000 people to cater for and it means there is need for a few taps to be erected in order to adequately accommodate all the villagers,” Mokoroane says.
Mokoroane says after identifying water saturated points they will start on the constructions of taps.
He does not say how soon they will start “because all of the paperwork is already at the headquarters waiting for a direct go ahead”.
He says they have asked WASCO to assist with water tanks while they wait to drill the boreholes.
Until that happens the girls in Ha-Senkatana have to endure the long queues at the tap that serves a few hundreds.

Meanwhile the officials at the Ministry of Water do seem to notice the irony of boldly claiming that “Lesotho is well endowed with relatively abundant water resources” on the ministry’s website.
The ministry says its vision is that “By the year 2020, the Basotho nation shall have an improved standard of living through a well-developed water resource base and Sanitation”.
The mission is “To provide sustainable development and management of water resources, and provision of potable water and sanitation for socio economic development of the Basotho”.
One of its main objectives, the ministry says, is “to increase access to portable water and sanitation services to all consumers, reliably, affordably and on a sustainable basis”.
The people of Ha-Senkatana are waiting.

Rose Moremoholo

 

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Lesotho’s own brandy

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ROMA-“Go, eat your food with rejoicing, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart, for already the true God has found pleasure in your works,” so says the Big Book.


Driven by that divine, Mohapi Pule has gone a step further – by coming up with a new type of brandy – to make you merry.
The brandy, Mountain Spels Brandy, will make the heart of the dying man rejoice.
“The healthy nutrients in fruits that make brandy, end up in you when you drink it,” he said.


Pule studied nutrition at the National University of Lesotho.
His brandy is made by fermenting fruits into wine. The wine is then distilled into a brandy. It carries the flavour and the aroma of the original fruits.


The story began when Pule was born in Quthing, Mphaki. He was born to a hardworking mother who brew traditional beer like no other.
“She brew beer well before I was born. She is still making it to this day,” he said.


His passion for brewing was probably “born” even before he was born. Mothers have a hidden way of passing not just their looks but their passions to their children.


As he grew up, he found that he was still intertwined with his mom’s brewing business in one way or another.
“Mostly, I am expected to fetch water for the brewing process. That, I still do to this day when I visit home,” he says.
Two decades later, Pule found himself in the Roma Valley, doing BSc in Nutrition.


“At some point, I found that I had lost purpose in life. There was not a thing that I could say, well, I was passionate about this thing or that thing.”
That situation, of course, threw him into some serious soul-searching.
It brought him back to his roots.


“During this period, I recalled that when I was younger, I used to imagine helping my mom do the packaging of the beer she was making and helping distribute it countrywide,” he said.

From a young age, the issue of subsistence business didn’t appeal to him. But that imagination came and passed. Now here he was, worried that he might not amount to anything in life.


Then, boom! An idea came!
What if he produced an alcoholic drink?

He could have thought about anything to do as a business but, lo and behold! He thought about his mother’s passion!


One of the things he loves about alcoholic beverages is that they are popular.

“I haven’t seen products as popular as alcoholic drinks,” he said.
He might be wrong or right but the reality is, the rest of the world has for generations found delight in alcoholic beverages – some to the extent of overdoing it to their injury!


“Mabele khunoana ralitlhaku thabisa lihoho. Mabele u tsoa kae e le khale re u batla re sa u thole? Ueeeena mabeeeele!” (Loosely translated beer brewed from sorghum make men happy. We’ve been looking for you from afar, you sorghum. In short, this is a praise poem for the Sesotho sorghum brew).
But then came the most difficult part. Which specific beverages should he focus on and how would he do it?


He decided that he would focus on ciders. He realised that not many people in Lesotho were making ciders.


He started experimenting at home and realized how difficult the process was. He just couldn’t get it right. To worsen matters, he also did not have the right equipment.

But like most successful innovators, he just knew that he had to start his business right away.


Pule says he then learnt about other forms of beverages: the spirits. Spirits are very high in alcohol content. Here we are talking the likes of whiskey, vodka and brandy.


He was particularly interested in vodka. He went into one NUL laboratory and, with necessary permission, began testing a number of spirits and doing a lot of research about them.


He began saving some of the money he earned from the National Manpower Development Secretariat in the form of student allowance so he could buy equipment. Saving was not easy. The subsistence money was already not that much. Having to share it with a business was asking a little too much.


But Pule was so determined that he did it, bought equipment that allowed him to develop what he thought was “vodka”.


However, after buying the equipment he immediately realised that the equipment was to make brandy not vodka.


“Now I was forced to get into brandy by chance,” he said.
It was a mistake that he has never regretted having realised that there are very few individuals who were making brandy in Lesotho.


Pule had to throw himself fully into experiments. He read books about brandy production. He even enrolled for an online course on distillation.
In the end, he began to see some light.

“I began to feel some difference in the taste of my produce,” he said. “When I shared my produce with my lecturers, they were over the moon!”
With that encouragement, Pule began packaging his brandy and is now selling it to family and friends.


“My small equipment means that I can’t produce much. However, If I were to get bigger equipment, things would be much better.”

Own Correspondent

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Ready-to-cook vegetables

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ROMA – ’MATUMANE Matela, a National University of Lesotho (NUL)-trained nutritionist, is an example of how a nutritionist should think and act.
Matela makes and sells ready-to-cook vegetables out of produce from her own farm or produce she preferably buys from local farms.
“When I make a dish, as a nutritionist, I make choices that ensure a typical package is packed with nutrition,” Matela said.

Today, we examine an interesting story of the lady who is determined to ensure that you eat healthy despite your busy schedule.
It started with her experiences in life.
She describes herself as an extremely busy woman.
She likes getting things done.
As the busy amongst us will say, the busier you become, the less you watch your diet.
She couldn’t escape the trap!

“My busy schedule meant that I ended up eating junk and I was gaining weight,” she said.
With time, she came to her senses.
As a nutritionist, she recalled that the best way to preach was to preach by example.
So, was she preaching what she practised?
Clearly, she wasn’t.
She had to find an option to maintain the busy schedule and eat healthy at the same time.

The beautiful thing about nutrition is that the healthiest foods are the closest to us: fruits and vegetables.
Some scientists even claim that our bodies seem to be designed to thrive on fruits and vegetables.
“Have you ever wondered why looking at a ripe raw peach on a tree is mouth-watering but looking at a fat cow isn’t?” asked one scientist.
Well, whether we were designed for fruits and vegetables or not, the truth is that they are good for our bodies.
That’s what good science tells us.

And we somehow “know it” too if you have heard about anything called intuition.
So one day she found herself increasingly eating fruits and vegetables.
It’s easier to change a religion than a diet, they say.
So it is commendable that she changed her diet at all.
“The idea was to chop as much vegetables as possible and put them in a fridge so that in future, I will just pull them out and cook.”
She wasn’t proposing something new.
Who amongst us doesn’t enjoy the convenience of just pulling up chopped frozen vegetables and cooking?

Little did she know that what she was doing was putting her on a path to a brilliant business.
It took a post on a social media to achieve just that.
“I took a pic of the chopped and packaged vegetables and posted them on my social media account. The reaction was swift. I began getting questions like, “how much?””
It immediately dawned on her that she could be sitting on a great business idea, after all.

So she gave it a try and started selling.
To her surprise, people started buying.
In fact, “I get orders for my products almost on a daily basis.”
That is how interested people really are.
This to an extent that her business now gets up to four irregular employees, she included, when the demand is high.
She said her training in Agriculture, Home Economics and Nutrition has helped her to give a thought into what she was doing.

For instance, where possible, she grows her own crops and sells them as first preference.
She has grown spinach, butternut, green pepper, onion, herbs and beans.
She is also in the process of renting more fields to grow more vegetables.
Then she empowers Basotho producers by requesting them to supply.
Going for foreign produce is the last resort.
Look at her packages and you realise something.
The “7 colours” proverb comes alive.

Those seven colours (several colours actually) may have been designed to appeal to your eyes but that is just the tip of the iceberg.
The colours of vegetables mean a lot in terms of nutrition.
Each colour gives you something different.
So, the more colours in one meal, the merrier.
To drive this home, let’s go a scientific route for a second.
Red, Blue and Purple: These vegetables contain substances that are good at reducing the risk of stroke, cancer and memory problems.
White: The likes of onion or garlic may help lower your risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cancer and heart disease.

Orange and Yellow: Carrots immediately come to mind.
These vegetables contain substances called carotenoids which may help improve your immune system and help to improve the health of your eyes.
Basotho, it would appear, have long known a thing or two about the relationship between carrots and eyes.
Hence the famous saying, “o jele lihoete” (they ate carrots), often applied to good sportsmen or women with symbolically “good eyesight”.

Green: Green is life. Green vegetables come packed with chlorophyll, a chemical that scientists believe can boost your immune system, eliminate fungus in your body, clean your blood, lead to healthy intestines and give you boundless energy.
As a bonus, her Home Economics background is such that she is armed with a host of recipes for each of the packages she sells.
She has great dreams for the future.
“I want to see my products decorating the shelves of big supermarkets,” she said.
It’s time!

Own Correspondent

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A new, co-operative chain store

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ROMA – ’MAKUENA Lesiea is spearheading the creation of a cooperative chain store that will sell Lesotho products only.
The store is being developed under the National University of Lesotho (NUL) Innovation Hub and it will be incubated by the Hub.
“Have you seen it? Basotho are producing like never before,” Lesiea said.
“However, their products are hard to see in the markets. We want to change all that.”

The store, she said, will open branches in all districts of Lesotho, starting from Maseru.
Visit any supermarket in Lesotho and check the products on the shelves.
You will be shocked to realise that, in general, just one percent of them are made in Lesotho.
The other 99 percent comes from elsewhere.
Is it because Basotho are not producing or can’t produce at all?
Nope!

“Having worked directly with the NUL Innovation Hub and the Tsa Mahlale TV programme under the Hub, I have travelled the depth and breadth of Lesotho and I was amazed at the amount of work Basotho are doing,” she said.
What is the problem?
Basotho products are not given sufficient platforms to prove themselves.
“Credit where it is due, some shops are beginning to accept and sell Basotho products,” she said.

“However, they are barely making a dent because Basotho products, being at their infancy, cannot receive full attention unless by a store that is designed to give them full attention.”
Such a store doesn’t exist.

She said the idea is not to compete with any of the existing stores because “we are getting into a new territory altogether, we are addressing a different market”.
So listen to Lesiea as she presents some features of the store that will surely persuade you to join the bandwagon:

  1. Customer and producer confidence: The store, she said, will achieve two things.
    First, when they see masses of Lesotho-made products in one place, Basotho customers will slowly grow confidence in them.
    The confidence will shoot to the roof when the customers experience that many of the products made in Lesotho are already way ahead of foreign competitors in terms of quality.
    Secondly, the store will give Basotho producers an assurance that their products have, at least, one store that is willing to take them, dark or blue.
    More production will come from such assurance.
  2. Selling “everything”: The store will sell everything from fruits and vegetables to processed foodstuffs to clothing and building materials (if Thabure car will be in production by then, it will be on the shelves too).
    “Suppose what we want to sell is not locally made, we will never cross the border, any border, to find its equivalence. We will encourage Basotho to produce it until they do.”
  3. We mean business: whereas Basotho are beginning to produce, their products are still all over the place.
    You bump across them in some few willing stores, in expos and trade shows, or as being sold by individual resellers. Those are good efforts, but they are not enough. In fact, many in Lesotho have come to see producing and selling as being more of an art, a hobby, a therapy or a hustling than a business, “so we are seriously moving away from such a casual approach, we mean business this time around.”
  4. Ownership: So when you enter this store, you could be purchasing a product made by you in a store owned by you. What a difference!
  5. Reasonable standards: the store will only demand reasonable standards. As a struggling Mosotho, try taking your products to some of the local shops and you are, at worst, turned away without reason or, at best, given a long list of standards you must meet before they can take your product.
    “In our case, as long as your products are reasonably of good quality, you are in. NUL Innovation Hub is already testing many Basotho products. We won’t ignore quality, but we won’t use it as a way to prevent Basotho products from growing either.”
  6. A cooperative chainstore: From contributing as little as M50 per month, members will use a continuous financing model to ensure that the store doesn’t just end in Maseru but reaches the ten districts of Lesotho.
    Each branch will start at a medium scale in order to grow along with Basotho products. We won’t ask for investors to come from anywhere, “we will be investors ourselves.”
  7. An export launch pad. “We are often told to export our produce. The obvious question is, if you haven’t convinced your own people to consume your own products, how can you convince people in other lands to do so? Why should they take you seriously?”
    However, the store is not meant to be a local store forever.
    It will be a means by which we export our products to other countries in the future.
    When we export the store to Soweto, we export it along with products from Lesotho.
    Don’t say no because we have seen Chinese shops and Indian shops and, of course, South African shops, filled to the brim with Chinese products and Indian products and South African products in many countries.
    “If they can do it,” Lesiea ended, “so can we.”
    “Because if it is there in some of us, it is there in all of us.”

Own Correspondent

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